Vaping has become increasingly popular as an alternative to traditional smoking, and one crucial component of any vape device is the coil. The coil is responsible for heating the e-liquid and turning it into vapor. Over time, these coils wear out and need to be replaced to maintain optimal performance and flavor. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of vape replacement coils, exploring different types, materials, resistance levels, and factors to consider when choosing the right replacement coil for your vaping needs.

Understanding Vape Coils:

Vape coils consist of a coil wire wrapped around a wicking material, usually organic cotton. When power is applied to the coil, the wire heats up, vaporizing the e-liquid absorbed by the wick. There are two main types of vape coils: replaceable coil heads and rebuildable coils.

Replaceable Coil Heads:

Replaceable coil heads are pre-built coils that are easily installed and replaced in vape tanks. They are popular among vapers who prefer convenience and simplicity. These coil heads come in various resistances and are made using different wire materials.

Wire Materials:

The most common wire materials used in vape coils are Kanthal, stainless steel (SS), nickel (Ni200), and titanium (Ti). Kanthal is known for its durability and affordability, while stainless steel offers excellent temperature control capabilities. Nickel and titanium wires are mainly used in temperature control vaping, as they have specific resistance characteristics.

Resistance Levels:

Vape coils are available in different resistance levels, measured in ohms. The resistance of a coil affects the amount of power required to heat it and the overall vaping experience. Lower resistance coils (sub-ohm) provide higher wattage vaping, producing denser vapor and intense flavor. Higher resistance coils (above 1 ohm) require less power and are generally used for mouth-to-lung (MTL) vaping, replicating the sensation of traditional smoking.

Coil Types:

Replaceable coil heads come in various types, each offering a unique vaping experience. The most common coil types include:

Single Coil:

These coils consist of a single wire wrapped around the wicking material. They provide a balance between flavor and vapor production and are suitable for MTL and restricted lung hits.

Dual Coil:

Dual coils contain two wire wraps and offer increased vapor production, resulting in more cloud production. They require higher wattage and are popular among direct lung hitters.

Clapton Coil:

Clapton coils are made by wrapping a thinner wire around a thicker wire. This design increases the surface area, enhancing both flavor and vapor production. Clapton coils are commonly used for sub-ohm vaping.

Mesh Coil:

Mesh coils have a mesh-like structure, which allows for more even heating and improved flavor. They provide quick ramp-up time and are known for their longevity.

Ceramic Coil:

Ceramic coils utilize a ceramic heating element instead of traditional wire. They offer a clean and pure flavor profile, along with excellent coil longevity.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Replacement Coils:

When selecting replacement coils for your vape device, several factors should be considered:

Compatibility: Ensure that the replacement coils are compatible with your specific vape tank or device. Check the manufacturer's recommendations or consult user manuals.

Coil Resistance: Determine your preferred vaping style, whether it's sub-ohm or MTL, and choose the appropriate resistance level accordingly.

Wire vape brands Material: Consider the wire material based on your preferences for flavor, vapor production, and temperature control capabilities.

Brand Reputation: Opt for coils from reputable brands known for their quality and performance.

Coil Lifespan: Evaluate the estimated lifespan of the coil and factor in the cost of replacements over time.

Maintaining and Extending Coil Life:

To extend the lifespan of your replacement coils and maintain optimal performance, follow these tips:

Prime Coils: Before using a new coil, prime it by saturating the wicking material with e-liquid and allowing it to soak for a few minutes.

Proper Wattage: Use the recommended wattage range specified by the coil manufacturer to avoid burning the coil.

Cleanliness: Regularly clean your tank and replace the e-liquid to prevent residue buildup, which can affect coil performance.

Avoid Dry Hits: Ensure that your tank is adequately filled with e-liquid to prevent the coil from heating without sufficient juice, causing dry hits and potential coil damage.

Conclusion:

Vape replacement coils are essential components that greatly influence the vaping experience. Understanding the different coil types, wire materials, resistance levels, and factors to consider when selecting replacement coils can help you find the perfect coil to suit your preferences. Remember to maintain and care for your coils properly to maximize their lifespan and ensure consistent flavor and vapor production. Happy vaping!

Pet wellness is a crucial aspect of responsible pet ownership. Just like humans, pets require regular care and attention to ensure their physical and mental well-being. In this guide, we will explore various aspects of pet wellness and provide you with valuable insights and tips to help you keep your furry friends healthy and happy.

Balanced Nutrition:

Proper nutrition is the foundation of pet wellness. A well-balanced diet provides essential nutrients, supports growth and development, and maintains a strong immune system. Consult with a veterinarian to determine the specific dietary needs of your pet, considering factors such as age, breed, size, and any pre-existing health conditions. Ensure your pet's diet includes high-quality proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. Avoid feeding them excessive treats or table scraps, as it can lead to obesity and other health issues.

Regular Exercise:

Physical activity is essential for pets to maintain a healthy weight, build muscle strength, and stimulate mental well-being. Dogs require daily walks, playtime, and interactive activities. Cats benefit from toys, scratching posts, and vertical spaces to climb. Engage in interactive play sessions with your pet to strengthen the bond and provide mental stimulation. Tailor the exercise routine to your pet's age, breed, and overall health. Consult your veterinarian for specific exercise recommendations.

Veterinary Care:

Regular veterinary visits are crucial for preventive care and early detection of potential health issues. Schedule annual check-ups for your pets to receive vaccinations, dental exams, and overall wellness assessments. Stay up-to-date with flea and tick prevention, heartworm medication, and deworming treatments as recommended by your veterinarian. Address any concerns promptly and follow your vet's advice regarding nutrition, vaccinations, and preventive care.

Dental Health:

Oral hygiene is often overlooked but is essential for your pet's overall wellness. Poor dental health can lead to gum disease, tooth loss, and other systemic health problems. Regularly brush your pet's teeth using pet-safe toothpaste and a toothbrush designed for their size. Offer dental chews and toys that promote teeth cleaning and prevent tartar buildup. Consult your veterinarian for dental cleanings and treatments if necessary.

Mental Stimulation:

Pets, especially dogs and cats, thrive on mental stimulation. Engage them in activities that challenge their minds and keep them entertained. Provide puzzle toys, treat-dispensing toys, and interactive games that encourage problem-solving and reward their efforts. Rotate toys regularly to maintain novelty. Consider enrolling your pet in training classes or engaging in clicker training sessions to enhance mental stimulation and improve obedience.

Grooming and Hygiene:

Regular grooming helps maintain your pet's cleanliness and overall well-being. Brush your pet's coat regularly to remove loose hair and prevent matting. Bathe them as needed using pet-safe shampoos, and always dry them thoroughly to prevent skin issues. Trim your pet's nails to a safe length to avoid discomfort or injury. Clean their ears regularly and check for signs of infection or inflammation. Brush their teeth and maintain proper oral hygiene, as mentioned earlier.

Emotional Well-being:

Pets can experience stress, anxiety, and behavioral issues if their emotional needs are not met. Create a safe and comfortable environment for your pet by providing a designated resting area, adequate shelter, and cozy bedding. Spend quality time with them, offering affection, cuddles, and positive reinforcement. Establish a routine to provide structure and stability. Consider the use of calming aids or consult with a veterinarian or animal behaviorist if your pet exhibits signs of anxiety or aggression.

Socialization and Interaction:

Pets are social creatures and benefit from positive interactions with other animals and humans. Socialization is particularly important during the early stages of a pet's life. Expose themto various environments, people, and animals in a controlled and positive manner. Gradually introduce them to new experiences, such as different sounds, sights, and textures. Enroll them in puppy or kitten socialization classes to learn proper behavior and interaction skills. Encourage supervised playdates with gentle cat grooming other well-behaved pets to promote socialization and prevent behavioral issues.

Safety Measures:

Ensure your pet's safety by taking necessary precautions both indoors and outdoors. Keep toxic substances, such as cleaning supplies and human medications, out of reach. Use pet-friendly plants and ensure a secure and fenced yard to prevent accidental escapes. Use appropriate restraints, such as harnesses or crates, while traveling in vehicles. Microchip your pet and ensure they wear identification tags with up-to-date contact information.

Monitoring Health:

Pay close attention to your pet's overall health and behavior. Monitor their appetite, water intake, bowel movements, and urinary habits. Look for any changes in their activity level, weight, coat condition, or mood. Notice any signs of discomfort, pain, limping, coughing, or unusual behavior. Early detection of health issues can significantly improve treatment outcomes. If you notice any concerning signs, consult your veterinarian promptly.

Conclusion:

Prioritizing pet wellness is crucial for ensuring their longevity and quality of life. By providing balanced nutrition, regular exercise, veterinary care, dental health, mental stimulation, grooming, emotional well-being, socialization, safety measures, and health monitoring, you can contribute to your pet's overall wellness. Remember that each pet is unique, and it's important to tailor their care based on their individual needs. By investing time, effort, and love into their well-being, you can enjoy a fulfilling and joyful companionship with your beloved pets.

CBD (cannabidiol) has gained significant popularity in recent years due to its potential health benefits. As a result, the demand for CBD products, including CBD oil, has skyrocketed. For individuals looking to purchase CBD oil in large quantities, bulk CBD oil provides a cost-effective option. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the concept of bulk CBD oil, its advantages, considerations before making a purchase, and tips for finding reliable suppliers.

Understanding Bulk CBD Oil:

Bulk CBD oil refers to purchasing CBD oil in larger quantities, typically in bulk quantities rather than individual retail packaging. It offers numerous advantages for businesses or individuals looking to incorporate CBD oil into their products or those who require a larger supply for personal use.

Advantages of Bulk CBD Oil:

Cost-effectiveness: One of the primary advantages of purchasing CBD oil in bulk is cost savings. Bulk orders often come with discounted prices per unit, making it a cost-effective option for businesses or individuals requiring larger quantities of CBD oil.

Flexibility: Bulk CBD oil provides flexibility in product formulation and customization. By purchasing in larger quantities, businesses can experiment with different CBD concentrations and ratios to create their desired products.

Convenience: Having a substantial supply of CBD oil on hand reduces the need for frequent reordering, ensuring a continuous and reliable supply for businesses.

Scalability: Bulk purchasing allows businesses to scale their operations more effectively. Whether expanding the product line or catering to a growing customer base, bulk CBD oil ensures a steady supply to meet the increasing demand.

Factors to Consider Before Buying Bulk CBD Oil:

Quality Assurance: Ensure that the bulk CBD oil you purchase meets stringent quality standards. Look for products that have undergone third-party lab testing to verify their potency, purity, and absence of harmful contaminants.

Source of Hemp: The quality of CBD oil depends on the source of the hemp plant. Opt for suppliers that use organically grown hemp from reputable farms to ensure a higher quality end product.

Extraction Method: The extraction method used to obtain CBD oil can significantly impact its overall quality. CO2 extraction is considered the gold standard as it yields a pure and potent CBD oil.

THC Content: CBD oil derived from hemp should contain less than 0.3% THC to comply with legal regulations. Ensure that the bulk CBD oil you purchase meets this requirement.

Reputation of the Supplier: Research the reputation of the supplier before making a purchase. Look for reviews, testimonials, and certifications to ensure you are dealing with a reputable and trustworthy supplier.

Finding Reliable Bulk CBD Oil Suppliers:

Research and Compare: Conduct thorough research and compare different bulk CBD oil suppliers. Consider factors such as product quality, pricing, customer reviews, and customer service to make an informed decision.

Ask for Certifications: Reputable suppliers should have appropriate certifications, such as Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certification or compliance with relevant industry standards.

Request Samples: Before placing a large order, request samples from potential suppliers. This allows you to evaluate the quality of the CBD oil and ensure it meets your requirements.

Communication and Support: Reach out to the supplier with any questions or concerns you may have. buy anxiety medication Prompt and helpful customer support is a good indicator of a reliable supplier.

Legal Considerations:

Regulatory Compliance: Ensure that the bulk CBD oil you purchase complies with local regulations and legal requirements.

THC Limits: Understand the legal limits on THC content in your region to avoid any legal complications.

Licensing: If you are purchasing bulk CBD oil for commercial purposes, ensure that you have the necessary licenses and permits to operate legally.

Curriculum development is the process of designing and creating a set of learning experiences that meet specific goals and objectives. These learning experiences can be in the form of courses, programs, or even an entire educational system. Curriculum development is an important process for educational institutions, as it ensures that their educational offerings are aligned with the needs of their students and the broader society. In this guide, we will provide an overview of the curriculum development process, including the different stages involved and the key considerations that need to be taken into account.

Identify the educational goals and objectives:
The first stage of the curriculum development process is to identify the educational goals and objectives that need to be met. This involves understanding the needs of the students and the broader community, as well as the learning outcomes that need to be achieved. The educational goals and objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART), and they should be aligned with the broader mission and vision of the educational institution.

Determine the learning outcomes:
Once the educational goals and objectives have been identified, the next step is to determine the learning outcomes that need to be achieved. Learning outcomes are specific statements that describe what students should be able to do or know as a result of their learning experiences. Learning outcomes should be measurable, and they should be aligned with the educational goals and objectives.

Design the curriculum:
The next stage of the curriculum development process is to design the curriculum. This involves selecting and organizing the content, learning activities, and assessments that will be used to achieve the learning outcomes. The curriculum should be designed in a way that is engaging, relevant, and effective, and it should be aligned with the needs of the students and the broader community.

Develop the curriculum materials:
Once the curriculum has been designed, the next step is to develop the curriculum materials. This involves creating the lesson plans, instructional materials, and assessment tools that will be used to deliver the curriculum. The curriculum materials should be designed in a way that is accessible, engaging, and effective, and they should be aligned with the learning outcomes and the educational goals and objectives.

Implement the curriculum:
The next stage of the curriculum development process is to implement the curriculum. This involves delivering the curriculum to the students, using the curriculum materials that have been developed. The curriculum should be implemented in a way that is effective and engaging, and it should be monitored and evaluated to ensure that it is achieving the desired learning outcomes.

Evaluate the curriculum:
The final stage of the curriculum development process is to evaluate the curriculum. This involves assessing the effectiveness of the curriculum in achieving the learning outcomes and the educational goals and objectives. The evaluation should be ongoing, and it should involve collecting and analyzing data on student performance, as well as feedback from students, teachers, and other stakeholders.

Key considerations in curriculum development:
In addition to the stages involved in the curriculum development process, there are several key considerations that need to be taken into account.

Alignment with educational goals and objectives:
The curriculum should be designed in a way that is aligned with the educational goals and objectives. This means that the learning outcomes, curriculum content, and assessment tools should all be designed with the educational goals and objectives in mind.

Relevance to the needs of the students and the community:
The curriculum should be relevant to the needs of the students and the broader community. This means that the curriculum should be designed in a way that takes into account the cultural, social, and economic context of the students and the community.

Engagement and motivation:
The curriculum should be designed in a way that is engaging and motivating for the students. This means that the curriculum should be designed to be interactive, hands-on, and experiential, and it should incorporate a variety of learning activities and assessments that cater to different learning styles.

Assessment:
The assessment should be designed to measure the learning outcomes and the educational goals and objectives. The assessment should be aligned with the curriculum content, and it should be designed marketing funnel to be fair, reliable, and valid.

Flexibility:
The curriculum should be designed to be flexible and adaptable to the changing needs of the students and the community. This means that the curriculum should be able to be modified or adjusted in response to feedback and evaluation.

Professional development:
Teachers should receive ongoing professional development and support to effectively implement the curriculum. This means that teachers should receive training on the curriculum content, teaching strategies, and assessment tools, as well as ongoing support and feedback.

Collaboration:
The curriculum development process should involve collaboration between teachers, administrators, and other stakeholders. This means that the curriculum development process should be inclusive, and it should involve input and feedback from a variety of sources.

Evaluation and feedback:
The curriculum should be evaluated regularly to ensure that it is achieving the desired learning outcomes and educational goals and objectives. This means that data should be collected and analyzed, and feedback should be gathered from students, teachers, and other stakeholders. The evaluation should be used to modify and improve the curriculum as necessary.

Conclusion:
Curriculum development is a complex process that requires careful planning and consideration. It involves identifying the educational goals and objectives, determining the learning outcomes, designing the curriculum, developing the curriculum materials, implementing the curriculum, and evaluating the curriculum. Key considerations in curriculum development include alignment with educational goals and objectives, relevance to the needs of the students and the community, engagement and motivation, assessment, flexibility, professional development, collaboration, and evaluation and feedback. By taking these considerations into account, educational institutions can develop effective and engaging curricula that meet the needs of their students and the broader community.

Your objective in supporting your critical retail companions is to provide taking full advantage of sell-through while enabling them to keep simple stock. To make that happen throughout the 2021 Holiday season, you must believe outside the box and also try brand-new methods that make sure to make a fresh impression of your brand name on consumers. Every little thing that wasn't on-line in a pre-Covid globe, is now. Customers want to social media for their purchasing choices and also rely greatly on on-line reviews. The power of social networks and also influencers has risen to astronomical numbers given that 2019.

In the adult beverage market, off-premise sales development rose while on-premise sales struggled, and continue to do so. Nevertheless, consumers still want their cocktails. The spirits market is outmatching wine and beer by organizations. The premiumization trend (worth vs quantity) is unsurprisingly consistent as customers seek higher quality, seemingly healthy and balanced, natural, as well as natural products, in addition to ready-to-drink alternatives.

According to lately released Nielsen data:

- > Spirits are growing in both the on and off-premise fields.

- > Craft and also locally generated spirits are obtaining traction.

- > Flavorful vodka as well as bourbon are growing faster on-premise than off.

- > Cognac development is thriving both on and off-premise.

- > Tequila is a development leader in both industries.

- > Canna-curious: marijuana ingestibles are expected to grow by as high as 300% with the industry reaching a virtually $3 billion dollar criteria.

Equipped with this information, spirits brands are going into the 2021 holiday with a clear benefit. Fresh marketing and advertising tactics together with the clever fostering of consumer trends will set your brand as well as your critical retail partners up for one of the most profitable holiday seasons in years. Right here are 9 ingenious ideas to establish your brand apart and take your brand and also your sales to the next level.

1. TINNED COCKTAILS & RTD'S (ALL SET TO BEVERAGE).
Canned mixed drinks are one of one of the most exciting trends in spirits today. They are being included and also critiqued in major media including Food & Wine as well as Town & Nation magazines. Smart business owners are setting up Canned Cocktail Competitions where items are properly judged as well as presented awards and medals. Tinned cocktails are mobile, popular, and costs additions to your spirits vary. Consumers are ready for easy alcoholic drink options (assume dish shipment packages). Tinned mixed drinks are the remedy. Cans are recyclable as well, so you are doing something helpful for the environment.

2. THINK ABOUT CANNABIS-INFUSED SPIRITS.
Marijuana is showing up anywhere. CBD and THC can be discovered in everything from edibles to natural medicines, dog treats, cosmetics, and just recently, adult beverages. White wine, beer, and also spirits manufacturers are experimenting with canna-infused products as are non-alcoholic beverage purveyors of tea, kombucha, juice, and also power beverages. Mixing two intoxicants into one delicious mixed drink is popular and tricky. Learn more about this yummy fad by checking out Cannabis Cocktails, Mocktails & Tonics: The Art of Perky Drinks as well as Buzz-Worthy Libations by Warren Bobrow or going to the 2021 Cannabis Drinks Exposition to arm your brand name with the latest understandings as well as information so you can welcome this in-demand drink market. Giving your stores as well as customers what they want, in this instance, canna-drinkables, will produce brand-new profits streams for you and also your calculated retail companions.

3. BOOSTED QUALITY.
Taking on Craft distillers as well as spirits manufacturers can be tough for conventional big-named companies. Yet, they must attempt. Customers remain to indicate that they are trying to find quality in their food and beverage options. Provide what they desire. Adjust your brand name to utilize just all-natural components removing artificial tastes and also shades.

4. THE CELEB LINK.
Partner with acclaimed mixologists on the national and regional levels to create trademark alcoholic drinks pertinent to every market. Align your brand name with mixologist and also spirits brand ambassadors, social media influencers, and sector superstars to elevate your brand name and increase your trustworthiness as well as visibility. Present the spoils of those relationships upon your strategic retail partners in the form of dishes, videos, and also in-store guest appearances.

5. WORK WITH HAND SELLERS.
Assume "Jager Girls" but include some course. In the remaining middle of the #MeToo movement, making use of lovely, scantily clothed, girls to sell your spirits is a frowned-upon artificial . Employing the model set still functions, simply clothe them suitably for the social mood of today and accept all genders.

6. RECONSIDER THE VACATION GIFT SET.
Rather than sticking a bottle as well as a set of etched glasses in a flimsy box, take your set to the luxe level by taking note of every detail. For the supreme in high-end unboxing experiences, put together all of the components needed to recreate your signature cocktail (see action 3), from bitters to fruit significances or purees, together with the appropriate (branded) devices, such as cocktail shakers, strainers, muddlers, and also top quality glasses, as well as a bottle of your spirits, and also package them in high-grade well-known, keepsake boxes. Include your signature dish, with a QR code (see step 9) to a video clip of the star mixologist dish designer giving a "how-to" demo of your signature alcoholic drink. Include a hardback edition of Behind the Bar: 50 Alcoholic Drink Recipes from the Globe's Most Legendary Hotels by Alia Akkam, The Art of Mixology: Classic Cocktails as well as Interested Concoctions by Parragon Books, or The New Craft of the Mixed Drink: Every Little Thing You Need to Know to Believe Like a Master Mixologist, with 500 Dishes by Dale DeGroff. Secure your exclusive gift box with a well-known satin bow to establish you in addition to the crowd.

7. BE TRENDY.
Embrace the expansion of the "dark & light scholastic" (brand-new preppy) and also "grandmillennial" fads (Gatsby luxe) among Gen Z and Millennials, which are intrinsically linked to the rise of the craft cocktail trend. With a nod toward American aristocracy, old money, and luxury, customers are relocating far from "trashion Cali-riche" in droves. Seeking elegance, modesty, and also thought romantically elitism with a touch of New Englander boarding college, progressives and also traditionalists alike are trying to find a calmer, quieter display screen of riches. Plaid is back and so is the timeless cocktail hour. Books like Tipsy in Madras: A Complete Overview to 80s Preppy Drinking by Matt Pedestrian, as well as The Preppy Cookbook: Standard Recipes For The Modern Prep by Christine E. Nunn, offer wonderful insight right into timeless cocktails like the G&T (gin and restorative), Manhattan, Cape Cod, Aperol Spritz, Negroni, Gimlet, Bloody's, Old Fashioned, Pimms Alcoholic Drink, New Orleans Fizz, Sazerac, Insect, as well as Martini. Weave the prep visual into your advertising and branding, especially throughout your social media sites channels.

8. IMPROVE THE STANDARD.
Use your spirits brands to update the standards by recreating recipes with your signature twist. Find a distinct way to provide the recipes to sellers and consumers. Bottle tags are messy, lengthy, as well as wind up on the flooring or in the trash. Time to try something new. Which, leads me to # 9.

9. QR CODE LINKS.
Throughout the pandemic, we learned that QR code innovation is simple, versatile, as well as hassle-free. Usage Circulation Code to develop your custom QR codes for your container tag: Flow Code is easy, free, and also your QR codes will certainly last indefinitely. Here are 3 tiers of QR code customer interaction ideas.

Excellent: Utilize your customized fine spirits QR code to link back to your internet site where customers can discover your product as well as link to your star signature alcoholic drink (step 3).

Much better: Connect your custom-made QR code to a brief video of a mixologist crafting your celeb signature alcoholic drink with the video camera concentrated on the mixologist's hands from a top angle view. The video needs to be no more than 30 seconds in length.

Best: Direct your custom QR code to a micro-movie: tell your tale, sell a dream. Deluxe jewelry brands master this sort of narration as advertising and customers love it. Tiffany & Co. spearheaded this technique for their 2010 vacation project. America's earliest as well as finest fashion jewelry firm takes its brand name to the next level with its brand-new micro-movie called About Love including Jay-Z & Beyonce, as well as previous campaigns called Will certainly You, as well as Believe in Dreams. Take your spirits brand to the following level by imitating Tiffany & Co. Among one of the most successful luxury brands in the world. If it benefits them, it will benefit your brand also.

Create a holiday-centric micro-movie focused around your celeb signature cocktail as well as celebrity mixologist. Utilize your bottle tag QR code and also your social networks networks to blast your message across the globe. User interface your advertising and marketing keeping that of your critical retail companions and social networks influencers by giving back links and utilizing hashtags.

Believe outside the box and be daring enough to attempt something brand-new. Attempted as well as true jobs, yet originalities will take your holiday sales into the stratosphere; your tactical retail companions as well as consumers will certainly thank you for it with their loyalty.